Seventeenth-century Europe faced war, rebellion, plague, famine, and natural disasters, all unfolding during the Little Ice Age, a long period of colder temperatures whose influence on global crises remains debated. Historian Ariel Hessayon of the University of London examines evidence from ice cores, pollen, tree rings, stalactites, manuscripts, and art to show how climate affected Northern Europe and looks at the ways in which people living at that time adapted.