In mid-19th-century France, artists responded to sweeping societal changes by rejecting Romanticism and embracing Realism. Led by Gustave Courbet and Honoré Daumier, the movement depicted everyday life and challenged elite Salon audiences. Art historian Nancy G. Heller explores Realism’s evolution, highlighting its impact on painting, sculpture, photography, and literature. She traces its spread beyond France to Germany, Italy, and America, where it influenced Thomas Eakins and the Ashcan School, emphasizing social truth over idealized beauty. (World Art History Certificate elective, 1/2 credit)