The religious court of early modern Spain has become synonymous with horror, torture, and dread. But what exactly was the institution known as the Inquisition, and does it deserve its dire reputation? Amy Leonard, associate professor in the department of history at Georgetown University, discusses the myths and realities of the Spanish Inquisition, from its inception in the 15th century as a heresy court to monitor the Moorish and Jewish converts to Christianity to its part in the “Black Legend” of Spanish imperial history. The church sought to maintain authority and discourage rebellious behavior—especially by confiscating the property of accused heretics. The Inquisition also proved a useful tool for Catholic monarchs seeking to create religious unity while weakening political authorities and familial alliances.

It is a complicated topic with important societal, theological and ecclesiastic issues often hidden beneath images of ruthless cruelty. Learn why the holy office was created, its basic functions, and how its motives and results affected the history of the church and society for centuries.